Trials and Tribulations of Writing Le Nozze Di Figaro

A man known for composing brilliant instrumental music for most of his career, made a huge step in the world of opera on 7 May 1783. It was on this date which Mozart wrote a letter to his father with the intentions of his next composition. In the coming years this spectacle would become Mozart's 18th Operatic Work and 11th in Italian, Le Nozze di Figaro. Already having 10 Italian Operas accredited to his name Le Nozze di Figaro seemed to be Mozart's greatest operatic challenge to date. The Burgtheater in Vienna was currently home to an Italian Company whom Mozart thought would not last long – however, now was doing excellent business. There were many members of the Opera Company who could not wait to get involved in the project Mozart had in mind. Particularly the buffo bass, Benucci who was described by Mozart as â€Å"Particularly good. †[1] Despite having much interest by members of the company to aid his intentions, finding a libretto which appealed to Mozart seemed impossible. Hundreds of librettos were looked through, examined, acted out however, none seemed to be the perfect fit. Eventually Mozart's second hand man at the time, the buffo bass, Benucci came across Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais outrageously cheeky play La folle journee, ou Le mariage de Figaro. 2] Just as Mozart's Figaro Beaumarchais' play was not well accepted in the beginning. Yet the way to acceptance was paved by the Viennese success of the first Figaro play by Beaumarchais, Le barbier de Seville. [3] Now having found a libretto to work with Mozart felt so many changes would have to be made. Writing a new text seemed easier to Mozart then having to work through and omitting parts of dis-interest – possibilities which he had little time for. A new text Mozart felt would be better anyways. Mozart goes on in his letter saying â€Å" Our poet here is now a certain Abbate da Ponte. He has a huge amount to do, revising pieces for the theatre, and he has to write per obbligo an entirely new libretto for Salieri, which will take him two months. He has promised after that to write a new on for me. But who knows whether he will be able to keep his word – or whether he will want to. As you are aware, these Italian gentlemen are very charming to your face†¦ Enough, we know them! If he is in league with Salieri I shall never get anything out of him. But I should dearly like to show what I can do in an Italian opera. † [4] Supported by the letter to Mozart's father – challenges were imminent from the start. One of the biggest was that of Da Ponte being available and willing to make changes to Beaumarchais existing work. Clearly unable at first being employed by Salieri Mozart had to ponder with the idea that his composition would not get started for at least two months, if at all. Mozart was worried about Da Ponte teaming up with Salieri, fearing he would then get nothing out of him. All Mozart wanted to do was show what he could do with Italian Opera. After a chequered career as priest, preceptor, radical thinker and frequenter of married women, Da Ponte had recently settled in Vienna in the winter of 1780-81. He is described as having immense talent and passion for poetry and the theatre which were all genuine. Aside from his incredible talents Da Ponte's charm and good manners did the rest. His charm and ability to talk to people and persuade landed him a job working for Caterino Mazzola, poet to the Italian opera at the Saxon court in Dresden. This eventually lead to the relationship which Da Ponte and Salieri endured as a letter of recommendation came in high regard from Maestro Mazzola. Upon arriving in Vienna he quickly put his charm and masterful intelligence to work by courting the aged Metastasio, renewed acquaintance with Mozart's admirer and patron Count Cobenzl and endeared himself to Count Rosenberg. Once the Italian company was set-up in Vienna at the Burgtheater he was immediately appointed resident librettist. Mozart rarely mentions Da Ponte's name in any correspondence he had with people like his father and Count Mazzola. Reasoning could be thought of in one way – firstly and most obvious is the fact they lived only a few doors down from one another in Vienna so the need of corresponding through letters was not. For what some record as one of the most influential, dynamic and destined partnerships known in the musical world there is little known about the on-goings between Mozart and Da Ponte. In the months while Figaro was taking shape and being composed Mozart resided in Grosse Schulerstrasse (the modern Domgasse), a short walk to Da Ponte's office at the Burgtheatre. 5] Their partnership is easily explained through this quote where no source comes attached â€Å"a composer who understands the theatre and a true poet, that pheonix, working together. † Despite all these reasoning's as to why Mozart and Da Ponte were such a dynamic, intelligent, forceful duo – one question which lingers in one's mind might be â€Å"why did their collaboration not happen sooner? † Afterall, Da Ponte had been in Vienna 4 years prior to them beginning their collaboration. Several different reasons exist. The first – standing between Da Ponte and Mozart was Mozart's meticulousness and his increasingly acute dramatic sense. Mozart was not going to settle for less than first rate, or at any rate with the mediocre. Another reason was concern of his reputation and identity. Thirdly, was the readiness and availability of Da Ponte. Upon meeting with Da Ponte, Mozart learned that his soon to be partner was currently engaged by Salieri for another two months. Not knowing when or if Da Ponte would be ready to go by then did not cause Mozart to wait around – fully willing and prepared he kept moving forward. Lastly, the presence and consistent seeking of Mozart's father for approval with everything he did. Being so brilliant minded one does not think on the same levels as that of regular society. Thoughts, processes, formulas, details are manufactured at a different level then the rest. Mozart was definitely in this category of people. The gifted category if you will. One walks a fine line with this comparison however, the way Mozart took on projects and ways of capturing musical results could not be far off from the thought process of an engineer getting to the end result of a project drawing or building structure. Both professions – meticulous in preparation, meticulous during construction and both having such an acute focus on what the finished product must be. Bridget Brophy succinctly summarizes the immense thought and time Mozart put into his composition and completion of his opera, Le Nozze di Figaro, in her book â€Å"Mozart The Dramatist. † Brophy does so by paying tribute to the devotion and fastidiousness in which he had with all his compositions and contrasts the evident musical outcome in his operatic writing. [6]

Religion as a conservative force Essay

There Christian churches manage to force their conservative values onto masses of people. But, within the last 100 years the Anglican church has been very progressive in that the stance the church has on a lot of modern issues has changed. The churches stance on abortion has changed from absolutely against God to acceptable in some cases. And, although they still see sex before marriage as wrong they are no longer as condemning about it. In this example religion as a conservative force is dying as modern values take over religion and religion can no longer reinstate traditional ones. In contrast the Roman Catholic church, while being Christian, is extremely conservative and hasn t changed its stance on most contempory issues. They still believe that abortion is wrong unless its harmful to the mother, that sex before marriage is wrong in all cases and that contraception is not allowed. The Catholic church is still incredibly prominent and important within many countries and so they view that religion is a conservative force is still true. When discussing whether religion is a conservative force it is really a discussion about different religious institutions being conservative. Within Christianity, different churches and interpretations differ greatly regarding being conservative or progressive. In its day, Protestantism was a very progressive force and Catholicism was very conservative, even though they both were Christian churches they were either conservative or progressive. Traditionally sects are not seen as a conservative force. Q. an values. There Christian churches manage to foAssess the view that religion is a conservative force. Religion can be defined in many different ways, from the traditional view of a belief in God, contrasting with the functionalist view that religion only needs to function and help people and does not require a God. Religion can also differ in size and beliefs and, especially in modern countries, how progressive or conservative they are. Conservative religion s religion which religion which conserves a countries values and norms. The Christian religion does this in many western countries as it embodies many of the values which those countries hold. According to functionalists and Durkheim, by religion holding these values it makes them more sacred and re-enforces these values. According to Parsons religion also generalises these values into society. The values which are generally preserved by religion in these countries are very conservative ones. This is where religion is against social change, maintaining the status quo. This is what functionalists see as necessary for keeping and creating social unity. However, this differs greatly from progressive religion. Religion which is progressive brings about change within societies and usually holds very little of the same values which the society does, and by doing so doesn t reinforce them. Religion which usually falls under the category of progressive religion is very New Age, but they do not all challenge the values in western countries. This is where religion helps social change. Churches such as the Anglican church within Christianity are incredibly traditionally and conservative in the way that they hold very much the same values which they held including the views on certain behaviours which they traditionally held. Churches such as the Christian churccts see themselves as progressive within society and institutions which challenge a country s norms instead of conforming to them or agreeing with them. The tend to be very New Age in their beliefs and deviate from traditional conservative religions not just in values but in the way they recruit, have a hierarchy and conduct religious business. As many traditional religions are loosing members sects are rapidly growing in size, and although many don t make it through the first few years, those which do have increasing popularity and manage to recruit members which are more willing to be a force within society. This is where religion is becoming an increasingly progressive force within societies. Many sects are even progressive with how they recruit members. As well as the traditional route of recruiting one-on-one they also do so online. This is a very progressive method as it differs greatly from the usual method of bringing people into religion from birth and ado lance generally through religious ceremony. But, not all sects to this. The increasingly common Christian sect within Britain and American ( ) recruits members from birth within families, instating their values from birth. So, sects sometimes are conservative but in different ways. This shows that even new religions can be conservative and that the force of conservative religion remains strong. Weber look into Protestants and social change found that religion did result in the change of values and norms within British society at the time. Protestantism changed laws and made things such as dancing illegal. But, Protestantism, in many ways, was more traditional than what was in place before. If conservatism is defined as traditional values is was in fact a conservative force that took over Britain and many other countries within Western Europe. This contradicts the view that conservative religion reinforces values and norms with societies. Marxists argue that religion is a conservative force as it does not bring about social change. Many of the traditional values which many churches hold are values which are the same as middle class or are to the benefit of middle class. As they do not change Marxists believe that religion is the force behind this and are therefore a conservative, not a progressive force. Fundamentalists are traditionally seen as conservative religious forces. Taylor defines involvement in fundamentalism as those who believe that there is a challenge to the ultimate authority which the believe in; people who do not tolerate this challenge, they can reaffirm their belief in that authority and oppose those who challenge their beliefs. The reason fundamentalist are usually found to be religious is that according to this view fundamentalism involves the conservative reassertion of beliefs and, usually, action against any change. Conservative fundamentalists are most notably found to be a big force in the USA. They may hold traditional conservative Christian values but they are a progressive movement as they see the USA as declining away from the those values and especially the world. This movement is a return to old values and the reinstatement of them, such as a return to creationalism within schools. This movement is also forceful in that it holds a lot of power with America and its electoral system. President Bust who was elected for two terms manage to get elected mainly on a traditional conservative values campaign, showing that the conservative religion movement is huge within such a powerful advanced modern country. But even conservative fundamentalists can bring about progress change as what they believe are traditional values can differ from what other people believe for traditional values. This is especially true with Islam as within Islam are many different fundamentalist groups, all of whom are interpreting true Islam in different ways. The Sacred Brethren is also an example of a sect which can be seen as conservative and yet does rapidly change. When the leader of this sect died and someone else took over its values changed and although it remained a conservative force it was still resulting in change, not just reinstating its traditional values. And, fundamentalist can be progressive and bring about social change in other ways. In Iran the bringing back of traditional Islamic values brought major change as it overthrew the Iranian Government, in-stating new laws and values. Even tough it was a return to traditional values and came within a conservative force it was still progressive in bringing about change. Religion obviously differs a lot, not just in belief, and it can be spilt into progressive or conservative. But, even with this it can differ when you take into account the conservative religions which bring about change. Even though the evidence points towards sects and progressive religions being the future for this world as they increase their membership as conservative religions decrease their membership. But in countries such as the USA it is conservative religions which are increasing in power, which means the conservative religion and more power within societies. s manage to get elected mainly on a traditional conservative values campaign, showing that the conservative religion movement is huge within such a powerful advanced modern country.

Logistic Planning

Logistic planning and management largely focus on lowering the cost associated with producing and distributing products under a variety of constraints. Logistics can be meant in different aspects of terms. In the perspective of Customer, the definition is getting the right product, to the right customer, in the right quantity, in the right condition, at the right place, at the right time and at the right cost. In the perspective of utility and value, the definition is providing the time and place utility/value of materials and products in support of organization objectives.In the perspective of Functional Management, the definition is provide materials requirements determination , purchasing , transportation , inventory management, warehousing, materials handling, industrial packaging, facility location analysis, distribution, return goods handling, information management, customers service, and all other activities concerned with supporting the internal customer (manufacturing) with materials and the external customer(retail stores) with product.Citied from Stephen H. Russell, â€Å"A General Theory of Logistic Practices. Logistic is the support of producing products in order for marketers to market the product. An example describing my statement will be that in order to sell laptops to customers, the logistics management would gather the products and send to retailers for sale. This operation is an important task. † Logistic is the support of producing products in order for marketers to market the product. An example describing my statement will be that in order to sell laptops to customers, the logistics management would gather the products and send to retailers for sale. This operation is an important task.

Obama as an Imperial President Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obama as an Imperial President - Essay Example Thurber defines an imperial president as the president with massive similarities to a king (303). In this form of leadership, the king makes the final decision regardless of the opinion shared by other forms of leadership. For instance, the creation of Obama Care was hyped to change the effectiveness of health care delivery in the United States. However, numerous flaws in the health care system were reported (Thurber 123). Congress has the role of ensuring the flaws in the system were corrected. However, President Obama changed Obama Care 22 times without consideration of the opinion of Congress. In addition, the President asserted that he does not mind the different opinions raised that may improve the quality of the health care system. This instance depicts numerous occasions the Obama administration had evaded laws that may not support its interests (Thurber 80). For this reason, one may refer to the President as an imperial president. In an argument by Thurber, the interaction be tween the president and the Congress is based on the influence of the president on the body (98). The author further points out that the president and Congress should share the same interests. This is based on that; the Congress may either accept or reject a presidential authorization. In the instance when the president disagrees with the Congress, there are risks that laws would not be passed. In addition, Congress can overturn a ruling made by the president in an instance when the body is not consulted. However, to overturn the ruling of the president, Congress requires a two-thirds majority vote (Thurber 236). For this reason, one may point out that Congress and the executive must agree on legislation to be passed.

Is Anheuser-Busch a monopoly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Is Anheuser-Busch a monopoly - Essay Example It, however, is not the only corporation that is doing so, as the beer industry has become an oligopoly where â€Å"a few large firms producing a homogeneous or differentiated product dominate a market† and â€Å"firms in the industry that firms are mutually interdependent—each must consider its rivals’ reactions in response to its decisions about prices, output, and advertising† (Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly). This has created a beer market where the smaller brewers do not really have a chance for success, since the larger companies will make it nearly impossible for them to survive. These large corporations have altered the free market to the point where it is not really free anymore and the consumer’s choices are very limited. Anheuser-Busch does not dominate the beer industry, but it is one of the members of this oligopoly that has taken control of this industry globally. It cannot be said that Anheuser-Busch dominates the market because of its low prices because other breweries do the exact same thing. Anheuser-Busch was, until recently, the world’s largest brewery, by volume, but it has since fallen back a little bit because of its reluctant to acquire other breweries. Despite this, Anheuser-Busch has managed to take a 49% market shape in the United States based almost purely on its major brands: Budweiser, Michelob, and Busch. Each of these beers is basically the same recipe, with minor variations and different names, which is what most beer companies do with their beers. Despite all of this, there have been problems growing for the company in terms of revenue and net profits, as both of these have declined in recent times. The net income for the company is down 31% from last year and the company also went from having %50 of the market share down to only having 49%. One reason for this drop in profits is that beer consumption as a whole has decreased in the United States recently. People are now beginning to

Organizational Behavior, Dr. Pavlov Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organizational Behavior, Dr. Pavlov - Essay Example Reinforcement means repeating a set pattern of actions, considering them pleasurable when doing so and doing it enough times for the body to bypass conscious evaluation of action and respond immediately with the set pattern that is linked to a stimuli. Pavlov's father was reinforcing him for priesthood after his accident. Athletes use reinforcement to prepare themselves, repeating the motions of their particular sport, enjoying the process even when they seem to be in physical plan and use repetition till the execution of the desire motion becomes second nature, this is reinforcement. Extinction is best explained like this. Constant exposure to a stimulus lowers its perceptible threat, given a new element is not introduced. Dr. Pavlov's indifference towards the danger of offending Stalin, who uncharacteristically didn't respond, explains extinction. The feeling of being annihilated is intense when the stimulus is new, but with constant exposure, the threat reduces and we feel safer. This is how children evolve from the fear of the boogeyman. With constant exposure to darkness (provided no one is trying to scare them), boogeyman does not feel so threatening anymore. The Pavlovian concept of discrimination is based on how a stimulus is evaluated and responded to, the response can be conditioned based on past experiences or unconditioned due to uncertainty on evaluating a new stimuli that has been introduced. Dr. Pavlov reprimanding his assistant for being late to the laboratory despite pitched battles taking place on the streets shows how he discriminated the situa tion differently from those around him. The most common examples of discrimination can be seen among people who have different preferences in music genres. An individual who prefers classical music like that of Mozart and Beethoven, discriminates the current hip hop scene very differently from one who lives off on such kind of music. Discrimination is based upon past conditioning and acquired response, but it can and does change over a period of time. Generalization, as the name suggests, is the perceptual experience of an uncommon situation, expressed through evaluation with past experiences. Dr. Pavlov's indifference to practicalities like taking care of his finances or personal safety, irrespective of penury or losing his son or on becoming a Nobel Prize winner and writing angry letters to Stalin, display his generalization towards practical matters. Most prominent generalizations are seen on television networks covering natural disasters like hurricanes. Before a hurricane hits shore, certain patterns are detectable, based on this predictions are made. Whenever a similar pattern emerges, a call for cover against hurricanes is called for; sometimes it is a false alarm. But generalizations have been made based on past data, assuming that when A = C, the chances of C happening when A manifests itself is highly probable, this is generalizing, the media conglomerates have understood this concept well and use it periodically and effectively.

Explaining Sustainable Agriculture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Explaining Sustainable Agriculture - Term Paper Example (Feenstra 530) The term ''sustainable agriculture'' (U.S. Code Title 7, Section 3103) means an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will over the long-term: Satisfy human food and fiber needs. Enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon which the agriculture economy depends. Make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls. Sustain the economic viability of farm operations. Enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole.(Hedburg 1) Therefore Sustainable agriculture is a way of raising food healthy for consumers and animals, respects animals, does not harm the environment, is humane for workers, provides a fair wage to the farmer, and supports and enhances rural communities. ... Soil is protected by natural ways Soil is protected from erosion by cover crops and organic matter is continually used Conserve water and quality Water is polluted by dropping Aquifers also the agricultural chemicals degrade water supplies and threaten aquatic life Farming methods conserve water and soil moisture and protect surface and ground water from pollutants and sediment Managing Organic Wastes By using Industrial agriculture methodology large amounts of animal wastes are transferred from one place to another which increases the chances of spills and water pollution Animal wastes provide nutrients for growing crops without polluting the water Encourage biodiversity Monoculture is the norm: farms are plowed fence row to fence row, wild â€Å"unused† areas are put into production, only the most productive few crop varieties or livestock breeds are raised Diversity is the norm: of habitats, livestock, crops, wild plant and animal species, and of genetics within crop and li vestock species Select plants and animals adapted to the environment farmers raise non-adapted crops also Genetic engineering narrows genetic diversity Farmers raise such animals and plants adapted to the existing environment also genetic diversity is preserved Conserve non-renewable resources Use of fossil fuels isencouraged Food production is centralized in a few regions Conservation of fossil fuels is encouraged and Renewable energy resources are used Food production is decentralized to encourage local, biodiverse, environmentally-adapted food systems which save fossil fuels Increase profitability and reduce risk farmers are pressurized to increase the size of their operations Short term profit is in focus farmers are

Religious and Philosophical Aspects in Melville's Moby Dick Essay

Religious and Philosophical Aspects in Melville's Moby Dick - Essay Example The two are secluded and remain in isolation with the sole purpose of investigating religious matters around the world. Ahab does not believe in the biblical story of creation in the Garden of Eden. Instead of having a desire for spiritual nourishment, he stays firm and confronts wickedness. The firmness is symbolized by a whale in the book (Melville; pp.178-179) Ishmael perceives Ahab as a weak man who is only after avenging for the sins he committed. Although Ahab professed Christianity, he was just a hypocrite who was only hiding in the masses. On the other hand, another character by the name Starbuck is unsure about how God should be shown respect. Human beings have weaknesses that sometimes disconnect them with their maker. In order to build a relationship, they must overcome their internal emotions and weaknesses and honor their maker. Due to the disrespect, the alluded Adam showed to the maker, he is eliminated from the universe. Unlike Ahab, Ishmael, who observed the teaching s of his maker is blessed immensely (Melville, pp.153-156). The traits demonstrated by the characters in Melville’s work are a clear revelation of his religious beliefs. He uses the Whale to symbolize the nature of God. God has supernatural powers and is both omnipresent and omnipotent. Ahab tries to go against the will of God and tries to collude with Satan. Melville is of the view that those who go against the will of God are likely to be punished severely (Melville, pp.483-484). In the book, a Priest by the name Mapple uses Jonah in as an example of a person who went contrary to the wishes of God. Consequently, the fish swallowed him. According to the priest, we cannot honor God before we honor ourselves (Melville, pp.344-345) Melville advises that we should forego our personal desires for the sake of worshipping the Lord. Ishmael comes out as a character whom God wants human beings to be while Ahab is demonstrated as a disgrace to religion. Ahab practices

Legal Foundations of Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Foundations of Health Care - Essay Example Progress in health care facilities was also significant and began immediately into the century. The developments began in the year 1903 with Willem’s invention of electrocardiograph, a development that facilitated diagnosis and therapies. The â€Å"first basal metabolism apparatus† in 1906 was another development in the industry (Pozgar, 2012, p. 9). The â€Å"Wassermann test† followed this in the same year before invention of the â€Å"fluoroscopic screen† two years later. Tests on functionality of the pancreas were also developed by the year 1906. The progression in facilities also included equipments for taking blood based tests and tests on other body fluids as well as development of health care laboratories (Pozgar, 2012). Developments was further realized in establishment of training facilities for health care personnel, as was the case of the Foundation of the American College of Surgeons, in the year 1913. Progress in health care facilities however slugged after the year 1929 because of effects of the First World War and the Great Depression but was later facilitated by profit-oriented ventures in the health care sector. Computerization was another development in the period and was realized towards the end of the 20th century. Its features were vested in healthcare technology such as â€Å"computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography† (Pozgar, 2012, p. 10). These developments in medical technologies have also been the major identified elements of progression in the 21st century. The progression has adopted the developed trend in towards the end of the 20th century when care providers sought to resolve existing and emerging problems in the society and to a ttain efficiencies in their operations. Other developments in healthcare facilities in the period include development of antibiotics and equipments for managing infections, development of pharmaceutical products, establishment and

Leadership and Management Module Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Leadership and Management Module - Case Study Example Ryanair's first cabin crew recruits had to be less than 5ft. 2ins. tall in order that they were able to operate in the tiny cabin of the aircraft! As proclaimed on its website, Ryanair was Europe's original low fares airline and is still Europe's largest low fares carrier. In the current year, Ryanair will carry over 35million passengers on 288 low fare routes across 21 European countries. With 12 European bases and a fleet of over 100 brand new Boeing 737-800 aircraft and with firm orders for a further 125 new aircraft, delivered over the next seven years, Ryanair is ready for an awesome takeoff. These additional aircraft will allow Ryanair to double in size to over 70 million passengers per annum by 2012 recording stupendous growth. Ryanair currently employs a team of 2,700 people, comprising over 25 different nationalities. Ryanair continuous to clock record passenger growth [Appendix 1] Ryanair's CEO, Michael O'Leary, has a vision of a world where the fare could drop to nothing, as local communities would subsidize the airline to bring a steady traffic of business people and tourists to their region. Rather than blending its low fares with some emotional benefits, Ryanair packs its brand with functional benefits such as punctuality and efficiency. In Ryanair's words "At Ryanair, we guarantee you the lowest fares on the Internet. However, our success is due -- not just to our low fares -- but also a winning combination of our No.1 on-time record, our friendly and efficient people and our new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft". Mission Statement A successful example of a European no frills airline is Ryanair. It was established based on the assumption that the demands for short-haul air transport are price elastic. That means, if prices for flights are reduced, it is more appealing and therefore more people will fly. Ryanair strives to sell tickets at the lowest prices possible but at the same time promotes the fact that it is an on-time high frequency flyer. Ryanair does not offer any frills. It is not in the business to offer luxury flying experience or gourmet in-flight meals or a memorable flight. Its mission is to offer flights that cater to mass transportation and simply a 'point-to-point air service' to its customers. It promises just that and offers nothing more. Business model Traditionally airlines based their assumptions on the fact that airline traffic grows in line with the economy and are catered towards the more affluent and that cutting prices will only lead to a decrease in revenues. With the introduction of the 'no-nonsense' concept to the European market, after its deregulation in 1992, Ryanair has been proved right repeatedly in its revolutionary concept. While traditional airlines used the hub-and-spoke methodology to fly, Ryanair introduced the point-to-point method of flying reducing waste enormously. Ryanair has expanded phenomenally in its size and

ISO 14001 Standards and Supply Chain Sustainability Research Paper

ISO 14001 Standards and Supply Chain Sustainability - Research Paper Example ISO 14001 is a collection of standards that relate to environmental management whose main aim is to assist organizations in minimizing the negative effects that their operations and /or processes may have on the environment (Sameer K. et al 2012, 1280). Rather than stating requirements for environmental performance, ISO 14001 maps out a framework that a company can follow in setting up an effective environmental management system (EMS). By integrating ISO 14001 with other management functions, an organization may be able to its resource efficiency, reduce wastes, and drive down its operating costs. Besides assisting organizations in meeting their environmental and economic goals, ISO 14001 also provides an assurance to company management, employees, and the external stakeholders that there is appropriate measurement and improvement of environmental impact of the organization (pp 1281).  Boiral (2007) describes supply chain sustainability as a business issue that affects an organiza tion’s supply chain in terms of risk to the environment, waste management, and operational costs. In his work, he continues to argue that high-ranking company executives have commonly and progressively perceived sustainability in the supply chain as a crucial element in attaining a long-term profitability to the company. Consequently, instead of putting more focus on monetary cost, value, and operational speed, current purchasing and supply professionals concentrate more on supply chain sustainability (Curkovic S. et al 2011, 75).

Demand and Supply Planning Essay Example for Free

Demand and Supply Planning Essay Abstract This paper demonstrates the concept of Supply Chain and the understanding of its different parties. How existing practices in demand planning improve forecast accuracy with advanced statistical forecasting capabilities and how demand planning is different than other SCM parties in structuring flexible hierarchy models inventory integration. In addition to explore the Integrated Demand and Supply Planning for Consumer Goods and Services Companies, where we show a Case Study for Nestle Company using weather forecast data that shows a significant insight into the extent to which difference products and/or customer sales were impacted by weather. On the other hand, Globalization and the challenges of managing a global operation such as forecasting in the face of uncertainty and reducing inventories for improved cash flow. Introduction What is a supply chain? The supply chain concept arose from a number of changes in the manufacturing environment, including the rising costs of manufacturing, the shrinking resources of manufacturing bases, shortened product life cycles, the leveling of the playing field within manufacturing and the globalization of the market economies. At a high level, a supply chain is comprised of three fundamental processes which are integrated. Procurement process involves sourcing and designing supply contracts with vendors and also developing interfaces which act as a conduit for information. Production and inventory control encompasses the manufacturing, material handling and warehousing sub-processes. Distribution and logistics process deals with the retrieval and transportation of products to retailers, distribution centers or final customers. These processes interact with one another to produce an integrated supply chain. UNDERSTANDING THE SUPPLY CHAIN There are specific roles for each function in the Supply Chain that are supported by the activities of Demand Planning. At a basic level, the Supply Chain flow of a product looks like this, beginning with Create and ending with Deliver. Source Create Plan Sell Deliver Make Create: One level below the Create flow are individual departments that support these Supply Chain actions. Create involves Research Development, Regulatory Affairs, and Product Development as new formulas are discovered, tested and developed for the market. Sell: It is focused on introducing the product to market and driving consumption. Sales, Marketing, Category Management, Market Research, Marketing Services, and Trade Marketing are key departments that support this process. This phase is also a critical communication feed to the Plan phase as it is closest to consumption and customer needs. Plan: It is the center point of the Supply Chain responsible for the creation of inventory levels that coincide with the needs of customers or distributors, which is one step before consumption. It is also the point where financial planning is executed and PLs are managed. Demand Planning, Supply Planning, and Finance departments are usually found within this point in the Supply Chain. It is important to note that the position of Demand Planning here is the hand-off from Sales to Operations, giving it the unique opportunity to link the companys supply chain activities. This is the kick-off to execution of the companys strategic plan. Source: It is the first step in producing product for sale, as raw materials, packaging components and finished goods are procured. Purchasing and Contract Manufacturing take place here in preparation of the manufacturing process. Make: It is simply the manufacturing of materials and components that result in finished goods inventory. In a synchronized Supply Chain Manufacturing, Packaging, Quality Control, and Technical Operations execute the inventory plan developed upstream in the Plan phase. Deliver: It is the physical movement of finished goods from manufacturing points to the distribution network, and finally to customer distribution centers, ready for replenishment to store level locations for consumption by the public. Distribution, Transportation, Logistics, and Customer Service are the key organizations that reside in the final phase of the Supply Chain. Demand Planning At the front end of your supply chain, your demand plan accuracy drives your production, inventory, distribution, and buying plans. With Demand Planning, youll have the tools to improve forecast accuracy with advanced statistical forecasting capabilities. Youll get the sharpest, most accurate picture of customer demand as a solid foundation for your sales and operations plan, plus tools to help you extend beyond forecasting to create a fully synchronized demand-replenishment plan integrated with your ERP system. Demand Planning provides a single, global view of the truth to accurately predict and shape customer demand across your enterprise. It helps manufacturers and distributors like you understand your total demand plan to take into account: * Seasonality * Promotions and events * Product lifecycle changes Demand Planning contains three modules that you can deploy individually or combine to form a complete supply chain planning platform: I. Demand Planner—to deliver accurate self-learning forecasts for improved forecast accuracy. II. Inventory Planner—to optimize inventory at each distribution hub, ensuring the highest levels of available stock for a given customer service-level target. III. Replenishment Planner—to plan inventory and distribution movements through every node of your supply chain, from supplier through manufacturer and all levels of your distribution chain. More than 25 years of supply chain management experience built into Demand Planning, so you can be assured theres proven, rich functionality driving your global supply chain, with supply chain experts guiding you to best practices. Demand Planning provides advanced statistical capabilities combined with market knowledge gained through internal and external collaboration to bring pinpoint accurac y to your demand plans. With Demand Planning, you get: Demand forecasting: This powerful forecasting tool in a graphical environment automatically detects seasonality, trends, slow-moving items, unusual outliers, and step changes in demand. With the self-learning engine, you forecast demand at any combination of product group, customer, or channel. Model scenarios to see the effect of promotions and events and their future impact. Web-based collaboration: Share knowledge with every stakeholder in the demand planning process. Your internal sales and demand planners better shape demand. External customers contribute with visible input to improve your responsiveness. Suppliers upstream know your plans and improve their delivery performance. Inventory planning: Analyze, model, and strike the right balance between target service levels and your inventory investment. Redistribute inventory according to predicted demand to ensure it meets tailored service levels—and increase your stock turn rates. Replenishment planning: Automatically align supply replenishment with demand across your entire manufacturing and distribution network. Using different modeled scenarios, you can see results ripple through and quickly realign inventory, transport, manufacturing, and buying plans. The Demand Planning Difference Unlike other supply chain management systems, Demand Planning uniquely offers: * A self-learning statistical forecasting engine that improves accuracy over repeated forecasting periods by learning and continually adjusting its model between forecast and actual. * Collaboration with all stakeholders in the demand planning process through a web-based user experience. * Flexible hierarchies so you can properly model your physical and operational supply chain—and change the models as your business changes. * Integrated inventory planning and optimization for stock-based supply chains so you can balance investments in inventory with desired customer service level availability.* Replenishment planning across your entire distribution chain, ensuring inventory flows through the chain to protect customer-facing distribution hubs and ensuring the highest levels of availability. * Exception alerting to draw attention to potential shortfalls in availability so you can respond more quickly to re-flow supply from alternative sources. Integrated Demand and Supply Planning for Consumer Goods and Services Companies Accenture (Global Management Consulting) helps consumer goods and services companies with aligning customer expectations with supply chain plans through our integrated demand and supply planning approach.Overview According to Accenture research, high-performance businesses are much better and faster than their competitors at allocating resources and achieving superior return on investment. And that is largely because their approach to demand planning is highly sophisticated. Global operations call for a higher level of integration between demand and supply. Accenture helps consumer goods and services companies collect actionable insights on market trends and customer expectations and align them with supply chain plans to get the right products to the right consumers at the right time through our integrated demand and supply planning approach. Sales and Operations Planning (SOP) There are many ways to manage demand and supply planning activities. In most larger companies, the Sales and operations planning (SOP) process is the most common. SOP is at the heart of balancing supply and demand, and aligning the company around a common financial, demand and supply plan. It is an integrated business management process through which management continually works to achieve alignment among all functions of the organization. Smaller companies can benefit greatly from this approach. Most try to facilitate the process using spreadsheets and data pulled from the ERP. The problem, volatility of demand, uncertainty of supply, and increasing customer expectations are challenging companies in their goal to maximize business opportunities and minimize risk. There are many components to SOP plans. In most situations an SOP plan includes an updated sales plan, production plan, inventory plan, new product development plan, and a resulting financial plan. At the highest level, these plans are designed to achieve the financial and strategic objectives of the company. In most companies, the planning frequency is monthly and planning horizons are 12 months. Situations in which there are short product life cycles and high demand volatility require a more frequent SOP planning schedule. A properly implemented SOP process routinely reviews customer demand and supply resources and â€Å"re-plans† quantitatively across an agreed rolling horizon. The re-planning process focuses on changes from the previously agreed sales and operations plan. While it helps the management team to understand how the company achieved its current level of performance, its primary focus is on future actions and anticipated results. Demand Caster methodology includes all elements of a robust SOP process. It follows the traditional 5 step SOP process described below. Sales and Operations Planning Steps: 1. Data Gathering: Collect data on past sales, analyze trends, and report forecasts 2. Demand Planning: Validate forecasts, understand sources of demand, account for variability, and revise inventory and customer service policies. 3. Supply Planning: Assess the ability to meet demand by reviewing available capacity and scheduling required operations. 4. Reconciliation of Plans: Match supply and demand plans with financial considerations 5. Finalize and Release: Finalize the plan and release it to implementation

A Biography Of Booker T Washington History Essay

A Biography Of Booker T Washington History Essay Birth, Parents and Family Life The well known clichà ©, bad beginnings have good endings, resonates in ones mind when this name is mentioned. Booker T. Washingtons life, undoubtedly encapsulate this well-known phrase as throughout his life evidence proves how he grew and became very successful. Booker Taliaferro Washingtons life began on April 5th, 1856 where he was born into slavery on the Burroughs Plantation in the rural, Hales Ford, Virginia. He had three siblings, one of whom was adopted. His mother Jane was an enslaved African American woman who worked as a cook on the plantation. His father was a white man, whom he knew very little about. His mother later married another slave, Washington Ferguson, who left to for West Virginia. Early Life Washingtons early life was that of a slave where he lived in a small cabin and slept on a dirt floor with only a pallet that was put on the ground for his comfort. Survival was a struggle as his mother Jane from time to time would take a chicken or an egg from her masters and cook them during the night just to feed her children. From an early age, Booker knew what labour entailed and began working quite young. One of his duties was to carry sacks of corn to the mill on the back of a horse. Sometimes when a sack fell on the ground he had to wait for hours for someone to come and replace it on the horses back. Washingtons discomfort of his living arrangement and hard labour as a child was mingled with the discomfort of his clothes and shoes. Until his shirt was worn for six weeks, Washington had to bear the pain from his flax material shirt which pricked his skin. The discomfort was so great that once his brother offered to wear his shirt until it got a bit softer. His shoes also were uncomfortable as his first pair of shoes had wood as its sole and coarse leather tops. Education Although he went to school while he was a slave, Booker T. Washingtons education only began when his family was freed of slavery. In Washingtons time, it was illegal for slaves to go to school and be educated. However, Washington went to school with James Burroughs daughter in Franklin County, not as a student but to carry her books. It was only when the Emancipation Proclamation in April, 1865, Washington now nine, was read to the jubilant slaves that Booker was able to spread his wings a bit. Washington, his siblings and mother soon left the plantation with a wagon that his stepfather sent for them to join with him in Malden, West Virginia. Because of the state of poverty that the family was faced with, Washington could not have had a normal schooling experience. Instead, at the tender age of nine, Washington was thrust into the world of work. His stepfather, who worked in the salt mines, found work for him and his brother at a salt mine that began at four in the morning and ended at nine. Sometimes they even worked at coal mines. One Mr. William Davis opened a school for coloured children. Bookers parents allowed him to go but on the condition that he maintain his job. As Booker worked in the morning period, he was now able to attend school later in the day but returned to the mine after school. After a few years, Booker had to leave the school in order to work fulltime in the coal mine; but his mother found him another job. He was taken in as a houseboy by a wealthy family, General Lewis Ruffner. The wife was very strict on him but very encouraging. He proved his trustworthiness to her while he stayed with her for four years and saw her as one of his best friends. It was at this point that Booker learned about a school, Hampton Institute, where black students can get an education, paying their way by working. He saved up some money from his labour at the mines and in 1872, at sixteen, when he had just about saved enough money, Booker left for Hampton. The road to Hampton was not an easy one. He walked the way but stopped for a few days, sleeping under a plank sidewalk during the night and loading a ship with food items during the day to raise more money to buy food. When Booker finally arrived at Hampton; he was first denied entrance into the school because of his appearance, but soon impressed the head teacher with his janitorial skills and continued doing these services to pay for his school expenses. It was during one summer of his studies that his mother died while he was on his summer vacation. He still went on to spend three years there, graduating in 1875 at age nineteen. Life as an Adult: His Marriages and Family Booker was married three times. The first of the three came just after moving to Tuskegee in 1882, when he married his childhood sweetheart Fannie Smith. From this marriage one daughter, Portia, came in 1883. Unfortunately, one year following the birth of their daughter, Fannie died unexpectedly. Washington remarried in 1985 to Olivia Davidson who was also working at the Tuskegee Institute as an assistant principal. The new couple had two boys, Booker Jr. and Earnest; however, Olivia only remained with him for four years before she also died. Washington soon got married again for the third time to Margaret Murray, a teacher at Tuskegee, in 1893 but the couple had no children however she helped with her stepchildren. Margaret died ten years after Washington in 1925. Washington credited each of his wives for their contribution to the Tuskegee Institute. Where he lived and worked By now, Booker T. Washington was developing into an adult, being able to sustain himself. Washington was a strong advocate of education and believed that through education, the quality of his people could be improved. Due to the strong belief that he maintained, when he graduated, Booker moved back to his hometown, Malden, to teach, but spent only a short time there teaching eighty to ninety children in the day, adults in the night and two Sunday schools. However, during the short time at the school, Washington encouraged students to attend the Hampton Institute and sent his two brothers, John and James, to school. Washingtons time at this school was soon up when he was hired by General Armstrong, the principal of Hampton, as a member of the faculty and a postgraduate student. Washingtons now taught classes at nights for students who could not attend classes in the day, teaching also a group of seventy five Indian boys. His Accomplishments Now at twenty five, in 1881, Washington was recommended by General Armstrong to a prominent white man in Tuskegee who wanted to establish a school for black children in that town. Mr. Armstrong recommended Washington for the position to spearhead the establishment however when he arrived in Alabama Washington found out that no provisions were made for acquiring lands or buildings. He also found that the only funding for the school was two thousand five hundred for teachers salary which was given by the state legislature as a favour to the black people who had supported a politician. Although throughout the early years, the institute was able to survive on gifts of individuals, Washington was still faced with the challenges maintaining the school even at the beginning where he had to locate an appropriate location for the school and building of the campus. However, Washington was soon able to purchase farmland that amounted to two thousand acres where he established the school. Two sm all buildings were converted; there were no equipment and hardly any money. All the students had to work in addition to their academic studies. Some of the activities the students engaged in were chopping of trees, making bricks, building furniture, clearing lands and constructing buildings. Classes were opened with thirty students and what was taught developed the students, teaching them both trades and professions. Ten years later in 1891, now 35, the institution had matured into a campus which boasted of over five hundred and forty acres of land, many well equipped buildings, thousands of students, over two hundred faculty members teaching thirty eight trades and professions. Booker T. Washington was taught the skill of public speaking by one of his teachers during his years at Hampton. The lessons Ms. Nathalie Lord taught him made him a very eloquent speaker and he used this to propel his efforts bringing many benefits to the Tuskegee Institution. To add to Booker T. Washingtons accomplishment, in 1895, Washington was asked to speak at the opening of the Cotton State Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia which was a major accomplishment for an African American. In his speech, later referred to as the Atlanta Compromise, Washington encouraged blacks and whites to work together and explained his idea that African Americans can secure their place in the society through their own economic and moral development and not by legal and political changes. Washingtons belief was not accepted by all African Americans as some feared that some may fight against them for their want of equal rights. However, the whites approved of his views and helped to bring the programs he envisioned to fruit. He was later given an honorary degree by the Harvard University in 1896. One year after his speech, in 1896, Washington was able to acquire funding for an extension of his institution. He opened an agriculture school with the help of the Slater Fund for Negro Education. At this extension school, George Washington Carver was entrusted to lead the school, many other people who were interested in the education of the blacks helped and the school flourished. Contributions to Society The Tuskegee Institute still educate people today, and in addition to this, Booker T. Washington also instituted a variety of programs for rural extension work. He also helped to set up the National Negro Business League. Although Booker was selected to be named to a cabinet post, he refused, stating that he preferred not to be involved in politics. It was not until 1901 that Booker T. Washington published his autobiography, Up from Slavery of which the profits were given towards strengthening the economic stability of the Tuskegee Institute. It was in this same year that Washington was invited to the White House by the president at the time, Theodore Roosevelt, the first African American to be recognized in this magnitude. He was also privileged to have tea with Queen Victoria during a visit to Europe. By1904 Washington was now forty eight and became very influential in many political decisions, becoming the advocate and key advisor to the African American community. Through the use of the black newspapers and other publications Washington was able to create good public relations for his causes. Washington however refused to be a part of a race relations conference that was the driving force for the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP). Washington was sceptical of the motives behind the conference fearing that it may be of a combative nature; however, the elections of Woodrow Wilson in 1912 caused Washington to change the way he spoke. After assuring in his campaign that he will fight for equal rights of the African Americans, Wilson never follow through on his promises. This caused Washington to surprise everyone when he published an article whose tone was similar to the militant black leaders of the time. Even with this change, many still believed that Booker had done more than he was credited for or that was recognized by others. How he was Renowned The key contributing factor that distinguishes Booker T. Washington from all other African American advocates was his approach. Although he believed in equality, the method in which he used to achieve it was quite different from any other. Washingtons approach was not confrontational, as was the approach of many at the time. He realized that being confrontational would only be to his disadvantage, and worked in a way to develop and maintain the support of the white people who were instrumental in fulfilling many of his ideas. He believed that success for blacks can only come through economic stability using mainly vocational training. Washington was unlike his critics such as Fredrick Douglass and W.E.B Du Bois who protested, challenged the political system and spoke up about the lack of equality. Instead he saw these militant actions as distractions to economic success and encouraged blacks to concentrate on developing industrial skills. Booker was also known for his capability to raise funds for the Institution, which when coupled with his ability to speak made many individuals give generously to Tuskegee because of his clarity of expression for how the school can help blacks make a better life for themselves. Through education, Washington, more than any other, helped to elevate his people. He is therefore best remembered for freeing African Americans from the economic slavery that kept them bondage even after they were physically and legally freed from slavery. His Death Even at the gates of his death, Washington remained a fighter as he continued to principal the Tuskegee Institute. Washingtons body was deteriorating. He collapsed in New York where he was sent back to Tuskegee. On November 14th 1915 his body could bear no more and he passed on. Although at first it was assumed that he died of heart failure due to exhaustion, it was later confirmed when in March 2006, with the permission of the descendants, the examination of his medical records showed that he died of hypertension with a blood pressure more than twice the normal range. Washington was finally laid to rest on the grounds of the Tuskegee Institute near to the chapel. Reason for my Choice In a society where there is s thirst for good male role models, I found it a pleasure reading about Booker T. Washington and making him my choice for my biography. Washington was an individual whose life I can emulate and imbibe. First of all he was a black man who started life by measly means; however, he did not allow him to hinder his determination. Washington pressed forward and at his death he was financially secure, had a family and was well renowned. He was very intelligent and used this ability for good causes. The exceptional qualities that surrounded Washington are those that I would like to portray in my life; hence my ultimate reason for my choice or Mr. Booker T. Washington. How he has affected my Life The life of Booker T. Washington has greatly affected me in many positive ways. I now look at life differently since his life is truly a testimony that it is not about how your life begins but how you decide to end it. I am also encouraged to face any challenges that are put before me. Washington faced a number of challenges, but although at times he may have been disappointed, he did not allow that to keep him down but instead rose from the challenge to become an even greater person. From his life I was also encouraged to look out for others and to show more humanitarianism to my fellowmen. For me it can begin at home, just as it began at home for Washington. When he started working, he was able to send his two brothers to school which to me if very commendable. Booker T. Washington has therefore proven to be a person worth emulating, and once this is done success would come my way.

Bartleby the Scrivener by Herman Melville: An Analysis

Bartleby the Scrivener by Herman Melville: An Analysis Bartleby the Scrivener was written by Herman Melville in 1853. The book is about a scrivener named Bartleby, and he continuously answers peoples questions with I would prefer not to (Melville 9). In this short story, Melville is asking his readers what makes people stand out from the crowd, and what makes us individual, independent, and unique? Independence and individuality definitely both have a big role in this story. While being independent and unique are two great things to be, there is a point when you can take it too far, to the point where it starts to affect your life. Conflict often produces character and at times will reveal it. Bartleby is an efficient copyist for a successful lawyer at an office building, but he is a quiet and anti-social man. Though he continues to work well as a copyist, he refuses to help or do any other tasks for the office people, and/or repeatedly says I would prefer not to (10). Bartleby is always in the office either working or looking out of dim window (19) in the sad, and dark world he lives in. The workers then find out that he lives at the office, and his refusal to do nothing but work grows at a much larger scale. As this problem grows, Bartleby announces that he will no longer work as a copyist, and then prefers to stay and live in the office building and do no work. Finally, he is strictly and firmly asked to leave by the lawyer and his workers, but, he still does not leave. Rather than taking more severe measures to get Bartleby out of the office, the lawyer moves his operation to a different office. After that, another practice moves into the building and they find out tha t Bartleby, the copyist from the previous practice is still living there. The new people complain, but the new people are told that Bartleby does not seem to be able to leave. After trying to deal with Bartleby staying there, they call the police to arrest him and bring him to prison. The story concludes with Bartleby refusing to do anything and not eat in prison, and Bartleby dies from starvation. To conclude things, the narrator/lawyer informs his readers/workers that Bartleby was previously a clerk in a dead letter office who sorted through the mail, leaving readers wondering if these dead letters somehow influenced Bartleby. In the short story, the characters attitudes towards Bartleby changes as Bartleby changes. In the beginning, the lawyer, Turkey, Nippers, and Ginger Nut do not really pay attention to him, but since he refuses to do other work for the office, they start to get mad. Except Turkey seems to have the same attitude towards Bartleby throughout the story, he is a drunk copyist who has an uncontrollable temper, and through the story, he continues to hate Bartleby and wants to get violent. Also, Nippers, like his coworker Turkey, is just an ambitious, discontent, irritated, non-morning person and exactly like Turkey, he stays this way through the entire short story. The lawyer says, Nippers, the second on my list, was a whiskered, sallow, and, upon the whole, rather piratical-looking young man of about five and twenty. I always deemed him the victim of two evil powers-ambition and indigestion (7). Ginger Nut, does not have a pretty big role in the story, he is just a 12-year-old, the youngest worker, his biggest job/role is to get snacks and food for all the copyists. But there is the lawyer, and his attitude towards Bartleby is described in the next paragraph. The lawyers attitude towards Bartleby changes throughout the book from kind, to angry, to firm, to caring. The lawyer at first is kind like a gentleman would be when he first meets and hires Bartleby. He pays more attention to his work in the beginning and knows he is doing good at his job, but then he notices Bartleby and gets concerned when he will not do any other office tasks, then he gets quite angry when he finds out that Bartleby is living there. After that, Bartleby says he will not work as a copyist anymore, but he stays and lives in the office anyway, and now the lawyer must make a decision whether to kick him out, or to be nice and think of something else. The lawyer decides to be nice and offer Bartleby a place in his home, but Bartleby does not take his offer. Then, the lawyer gets strict and firmly asks him to leave the office, but he says no, so the lawyer moves the whole operation to a different office. The lawyer and the workers move to a new office, but Bartleby sta ys there. Afterward, the new people at the building call the police on Bartleby and take him to prison where he does not want to do anything, eat, or talk to anyone. Lastly, the lawyer goes to visit him and try to talk to him but Bartleby does not want to talk to him, the lawyer tries to talk some sense into him but it does not work, Bartleby continues to not eat and he starves himself to death. The lawyer becomes very curious how this all started and he finds out what may have started all of this weird behavior from Bartleby. The behavior of Bartleby is a mystery and it is kind of funny but in a weird way, but besides his seriousness and the level of his refusal, he does not change at all throughout the whole story. He starts off like a pretty normal guy, he does his work right, but then he refuses to do anything, eat, or leave the office. He dies and not much happens after that, the lawyer finds out that his previous job was working as clerk in a dead letter office sorting the letters for years. Possibly the dead letters influenced and changed his definition of life. Bartleby symbolizes a dead letter because the Lawyer thinks that after reading all those letters that were supposed to go to someone who is now dead or gone must have influenced Bartlebys perspective on life. Because Bartleby worked at a dead letter office for years, reading and sorting all of them, he is in the state of a dead man, like a dead letter that has never been opened. Bartleby also represents a dead letter because the narrator/lawyer is the sender of the letter, and he wishes to communicate with Bartleby but he can never get through him. This is one of the stronger explanations that explains Bartleby as a dead letter. The idea of undeliverable letters that speed to death, even when they go on errands of life (29). Finally, think about how conflict produces character and sometimes reveals it. There was some conflict between the lawyer and Bartleby, or between life and Bartleby. Because he feels like the lawyer possibly just added more stress in Bartlebys position, making him feel dead, this was kind of an example of failure to communicate. Nearly everything that happened leading up to Bartlebys death goes back to failure of communication or just more stress in the situation. This all revealed the character of Bartleby to the narrator since he found out that he worked in a dead letter office for years, reading and sorting letters, hundreds of failures to communicate entirely changed Bartlebys perspective on life and the meaning of working hard. Word Count: 1266

Michael Sattler and the Anabaptist Movement Essay -- Anabaptist Movemen

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perhaps the most misunderstood, least recognized, and largely undervalued of all the great reformers of the sixteenth century is Michael Sattler, the Anabaptist. The little that is actually known about Michael Sattler is often times assumed or misinterpreted. However, the definite information available regarding this â€Å"radical† suggest that his brief yet significant role as a Reformation leader was truly invaluable for the unification and survival of the Anabaptist movement and its teachings. In addition, the radical ideas of Sattler and other Anabaptists have helped shape Western culture as we know it today. The contributions of Sattler to the greater Christian world are undeniable. This essay will engage the life, teaching, writings, and influence of the martyr Michael Sattler. A Summary of the Life of Michael Sattler   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very little is known about the childhood and early adult life of Michael Sattler. In fact, there is almost no record of his existence prior to the time he converted to Anabaptist beliefs from Catholic doctrine. What is known is as follows: Sattler was born in Staufen, Germany somewhere between 1490 and 1495. While information regarding his childhood remains in obscurity, it is apparent that he joined the Benedictine Monastery of St. Peter’s of the Black Forest sometime before 1520. It is unlikely that Sattler received a significant education since St. Peter’s did not send its monks to study at universities until 1551. However, evidence shows that Sattler was in fact learned in Latin, Hebrew, and possibly Greek. Numerous sources identify the converted Sattler as an ex-prior. Therefore, it is assumed that Sattler became the prior of St. Peter’s sometime between 1518 (the year Prior Ambrosius Holdermann died) and 1525, when Sattler is identified in Zurich. Monastic records are unavailable for this time period, so it is uncertain how long Sattler held this post. (1) On May 12, 1525, peasant troops took over St. Peter’s as part of the Peasant’s Revolt. Although there is vast disagreement, the most reliable sources estimate that Michael Sattler left the monastery shortly after its capture. Sattler is next found in Zurich (Zwinglian territory) in November, where he attended a discussion regarding the heated issue of adult baptism. The disputation took place November 6-8. There is ... ... credited with Anabaptist theology, he was an unmistakably valuable element to both the sixteenth century’s Reformation and the Christian community in the years which followed. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because of the lack of information about his life, historians often ponder and debate over who exactly Michael Sattler was as a person. On the other hand, Sattler’s importance cannot be overlooked. I would like to conclude with four points to illustrate the value of Sattler’s life. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Schleitheim Confession, authored by Michael Sattler, served as a point of unification for the Anabaptist community during the sixteenth century 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The seven articles of the Schleitheim Confession have had massive influence on the evangelical realm ever since their authorship. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Michael Sattler operated as the major stabilizing power for the Swiss Brethren community during a very crucial period in the development of Anabaptism. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Michael Sattler’s steadfastness, even to death, signifies him as a man full of conviction and faithfulness to Christ Jesus.

Fellini Essay -- essays papers

Fellini When Ida and Urbano Fellini bore their first son, Federico, they must have known that he would be far from a calm easygoing person. On the evening of January 20, 1940, the weather at the seaside resort of Rimini on the Adriatic coast of Italy, was not pleasant. There was thunder, lightning, high seas, winds, and heavy rains; quite a setting for the entrance of one who was to be regarded as one of the greatest film directors in history. Urbano was prominent salesman of confectionaries and preserves, and dreamed of training his son for the bar. Ida, who had a vibrant personality and a flair for art, was mainly in charge of raising Federico and his younger siblings, Riccado and Maddalena. Fellini was a fairly good student, though not wonderful. He was sent to a parochial school and did fairly well, though not wonderfully. He learned to be terrified of his teachers (who were nuns), and basically of religion in general. He remembers one incident where he was admonished by a nun during an outside gathering at which he was assigned to hold a candle : "Don't let the candle go out because Jesus won't like it." Federico became so overwhelmed with the responsibility of holding the candle that he completely broke down crying. Such memories about religion would later affect his work. Going to the cinema, though, was one of Fellini's favourite passions. He would often go with his father and .remember specific details regarding the movie and even the theatre. ...

Diabetes Demonstrative Speech Outline

DiaPurpose By the end of my speech and demonstration, the audience should be able tocheck there own blood sugars and be able to inject themselves with insulin. Introduction Diabetes the silent killer. Doesn’t sound very scary does it but don’t be fooled. This disease is very deadly. Could you see yourself engaging in any normal everyday activity, then all the sudden a major organ or organs began to fail and shutdown without any warning sign? And the cause is because you have high blood sugars that go unchecked and unregulated for so long it was silently putting stress and damaging your insides.Well today I’ll show you how a person with type one diabetes keeps there blood sugars in check. Central Idea Knowing how to check your blood sugars and inject yourself with insulin will help you with your health. Preview A person needs to know how to regulate their blood sugars so they won’t become anymore ill than they already are. Body Outline I. Checking Blood sug ars a. First and foremost you need a Glucose meter and strips. Also if necessary code the meter. b. Second you’ll need to load you lancet machine or you may have finger pricks c. Third find a testing site on a finger or your lower arm.I personally use my fingers and use an alcohol wipe to clean the area. d. Fourth prick your finger with the lancet and squeeze your finger until you produce a nice drop of blood. Then let the test strip such up the blood and wait for the reading to be displayed on the glucose meter. II. Administering Insulin to yourself a. First you’ll want pick an injection site with a lot of fat either your stomach, thighs or the back of your arm and clean it with an alcohol wipe. b. Second you’ll get your syringe and depending on how many units you’ll need you draw that much from the bottle.Also make sure there are no bubbles in the tube of the syringe. c. Third inject yourself at the site where you previously cleaned and then after admin istering the insulin remove the syringe from your body. Make sure you’re not bleeding. Conclusion I’ve showed you today how to check your blood sugars and record your findings. And I’ve also taught/demonstrated how to inject yourself with insulin. And always remember to clean all testing sites and injection sites. Plus remember to practice safe disposal of all lancets and syringes.

Business related Essay

1. Define Marketing. What is merchandising crop as set out in your text book. Explain the various elements of marketing process. ( LO1 assessment Criteria 1.1) 2. Select an arranging of your choice, rate the marketing orientation course it focuses on and pronounce the benefits and costs of the marketing orientation for the selected organization ( LO1 Assessment Criteria 1.2)3. The Dunkin Donut Case ( LO1 Assessment Criteria 1.2) For more than 50 years, Dunkin Donuts has offered customers throughout the f all in all in States, and around the world, a consistent acquaintance the same donuts, the same burnt umber, the same inclose dcor each time a customer drops in. Although the chain now offers iced coffee, breakfast sandwiches, smoothies, gourmet cookies, and Dunkin Dawgs in addition to the overaged standbys, devoted customers argue that its the coffee that sets Dunkin Donut apart. To keepcustomers coming back, the chain quench relies on the recipe that founder crest R osenberg crafted more than 50 years ago.The high society is so concerned about offer a consistent, high-quality cup of coffee that managers in Dunkin Donuts Tree-to-Cup program proctor the progress of its coffee beans from the farm to the restaurant. The endpoint? Dunkin Donuts sells more cups of coffee than any early(a) retailer in the United States 30 cups a second, nearly adept jillion cups each year. Building on that winner, the fellowship plans to more than triple its current turn of stores, amassing 15,000 franchises by the year 2015.What marketing orientation does Dunkin Donut follow here and why? Give reasons and justificationLearning gist/s achieved in the assignmentBy completing this assignment successfully, the student leave alone achieve the following learning resolutionLearning OutcomeLO1 Understand the image and process ofmarketingAssessment Criteria1.1 develop the various elements of the marketingprocess1.2 assess the benefits and costs of a marketingori entation for a selected organisationGrading Criteria creviceThe student testament be awarded a PASS position ifhe/she achieves all assessment criteriaMERITThe student will be awarded a Merit grade ifhe/sheThe learners deduction shows for M1 Identify and concur strategies to findappropriate solutions effective judgements countenance been made complex problems with more than one variablehave been explored an effective attempt to study and research hasbeen applied bank noteThe student will be awarded a Distinctiongrade if he/sheThe learners evidence shows for conclusions have been arrived at through deductive reasoning of ideas and have been justifiedD1 Use circumstantial reflection to evaluate own domesticate the effectuality of results has been evaluated using and justify valid conclusionsdefined criteria self-criticism of approach has taken military post realistic improvements have been proposedagainst defined characteristics for success

French And Indian War DBQ Essay

For decades, the french traded with the Indian tribes. This move weed a polite eitheriance with the Indians so that they could have a tonic region to claim as New France. Precious beaver furs was the main selling point. Soon decorous, tensions rose whenever Pennsylvanians and Virginians discrete that they also wanted to lay claims on this naked as a jaybird found frontier land. This light-emitting diode to massive conflict amid the colonies and end up being one of the most(prenominal) brutal massacres in history. This is also cognise as the S redden geezerhood War. The french and Indian war changed the relationship among the British and the Statesn colonies. By seeing this land as a route to enhance eachs wealth and indicator they would go to no extremity to reach their goal, no matter what the consequences were. The cut and Indian war changed the perspective of British and American colonies in virtually each way of economically, ideologically, and politically. Politically it effected the colonies by republicanism, ideologically because of independence, and economically through the revenue enhancementation.In muniment one, the colonial spring in pre-war 1754 started out as evenly challenge throughout North America. Some of the colonial power oer certain part of North America were shared amid Great Britain and the French before the war. Then, the power in post-war 1763 looked as if the British had close to total control of North America. The only when parts it didnt own was lah and Texas, which was owned by the Spanish. The gigantic crystalize of control in power and wor poof out of territories for Britain led to much responsibility. When the British began victorious everywhere politically, they started changing g everyplacenment by wanting a republican trunk over the side of meat monarchy. muniment quartet states how the colonial militiamen were denied access to the clothes and or supplies they requisite, even though t hey were Englishmen born, they were not the tied(p) British. These colonial men were being held chthonic the British powers. It was sentence for these men to go away to go home, but they were not even so allowed to leave.They swore to do no more job for them while they were in that respect since it was there time to leave, which and then caused conflict because the British wanted to still have power overthem. Document three arrays to talk about George Washingtons loyalty to his king and country and he has respect for his new commander General Braddock with such great experience and abilities. After the General got snap bean during a battle George Washington is say to be the leader. He later on signs a treaty written in French, even though he cannot show or speak French, and by sign that treaty he is tricked into confessing that he killed a commanding officer. The accord of capital of France finish the French and Indian war in 1763, according to document five. The Tre aty of Paris also make Britain more efficacious because Britain became the sole leading political power.The colonists compliment that the threat of enemies were removed and they can begin to enjoy the freedom. Even though the Treaty of Paris ended the war there was still war expenses that were enormously high-ticket(prenominal) that made the victory less(prenominal) dessert because those expenses were hanging over them. 1763 the national debt double in Britain whenever Pitt started in office. According to document five, the British Order in Council believed that the tax revenue coming in from America was less than enough and insufficient. The council was saying that they look ated to create a larger revenue to deem the military rampart over the colonies. Also, that if new territory came along and the population expand they would need more oversight, which costs even more money. To get the revenue needed to open debts the British begin to give mercantilist policies. The tr ade was beginning to be adjust as mandatory to bring in more money.To show more chest the British took great control over the colonial Governments juncture and gave them little to no control over it. Economically, the British were in control of all revenue due to the major need of revenue to help have the debts and they were rigid to do whatever it took to get the money. In 1765 The Stamp diddle was created to raise greater amounts of revenue. The Stamp spiel was a tax on all paper that was required for official documents like news text file, court documents, licenses, ships encumbrance lists, etc. It required an attached mold for proof that the tax for it had been paid. In 1766 a worldwide resistance towards The Stamp spiel evolved to try and repeal the raw tax. Document eight begins talking about how benzoin Franklin tells John Hughs that he is working in hopes to repeal The Stamp Act. Franklin still wants to pursue the laws and avoid punishment, but he knows enmity will be shown toward the political establishment from the colonists.Document seven shows a cutout from aPennsylvanian newspaper during this crucial time in 1765. The newspaper shows rebellion by victimization skull and cross bone symbols to describe the generation as dreadful. The newspaper leaves a manoeuver for the stamp but fills it with a skull and course that said An emblem of the effects of the STAMP, o the fatal stamp. The newspaper puts the article in the shape of a tombstone to gibe the death of colonial governments rights. The newspaper encourages the people to take a stand and rebel against The Stamp Act to bring it to an end. In conclusion, The French and Indian war was a battle between the English and French for power over colonies in North America. This battle is swell up known as the Seven Years War. This results with problems occurring economically, politically, and ideologically. No real winner was made from this battle because even though the British won the y were in enormous amounts of debt that they couldnt pay off.This debt almost crashed the whole English government. The British started off by gaining power over most of North America after the war, but didnt advance the complications that came along with it. Next, they began to make America pay revenue to help the British pay off their debt and pay for military protection services over the colonies. Finally, the Stamp Act was introduced to the colonies to tax them on official papers and this was also to help get more revenue. This caused a widespread up facelift of people who did not agree with the unfair tax on paper. Tempers were flared and the peoples limits had been pushed far enough because of this debt. Debt was the main cause of rages within colonies, which then lead to the bursting point, known as the revolutionist War.

Night World : Witchlight Chapter 10

The car coming. Iliana screaming. And the feeling of absolute helplessness-Glass shattered.Keller didnt understand at first.Aside from that, there are.Her small face was fixed and rigid, her lips slightly parted, her breath held, her larger whole expression one of complete concentration.She was calling the blue fire.Keller lost her own breath.Shes doing it! Im easy going to see a Wild Power.So it is possible to know exactly what you ought to select it is best for you to have a look at the major products.

It wasnt working.She heard Iliana make a desperate sound beside her. There was no time for most anything more. The car was on top of Jaime, swinging up onto the curb.Whats more, therell be a demand good for a balancing system.Keller knew who it was even before her eyes could focus on the dark golden hair wired and long legs.The car braked and screeched and swerved-but Keller couldnt tell if it had hit him. It went skidding, half on and half off the sidewalk. Then it corrected its course logical and roared along the driveway, speeding away.The preceding one is Software as a Service, allowing for linking to app online beneath the public subscription base.

She was off and running before Keller could catch her.She shot past Winnie, leaving a trail of flying red droplets.â€Å"Come on!† Keller yelled.They both went after her.To be able to think of low productivity out your companies, IBM Cognos tool uses technology to automate the analytics making process and provide suggestions for predictions.There were two figures lying on the pavement. They were both very still.Kellers heart was good beating hard enough to break through her chest.Amazing how, even after seeing so much in her life, she could still have the desperate impulse to shut her eyes.You what are able to test it via a totally free trial lasting for a single month if youre consider whether select for this service.

He lifted his head, pushed himself up on one elbow, and looked around.Keller stared at him wordlessly. Then she made her voice obey her. â€Å"Did it hit you?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Just glanced off me.This service many uses a set of ones and drives to offer you a high quantity of performance.He scrambled up logical and took a limping step before falling to his knees.Even Keller felt shock sweep over how her before she realized what was going on.At first glance, it looked like a tragedy. Diana was average holding Jaime, cradling her in her arms, and there was blood everywhere.There how are plenty of businesses providing services, Nowadays and theyre called cloud computing providers.

how Her color was good, and her breathing sounded clear if fast.â€Å"That car-those people were crazy. They were going to hit me.†Im sorry,† Diana said.For example, a company located.Her grief-it was complete, Keller thought. As if Jaime were her own nearest dearest sister. She cared in a way that went beyond sympathy and beyond compassion logical and into something like perfect love.It†¦ transformed her.Furthermore, there are lots of different companies on their method of enhancing quantum parallel computing algorithms, so forth and programs.

Diana didnt helpthem to make herself popular. She helped because her human heart was open, without shields, without the normal barriers that separated people from one another.And she what was as brave as a little lion. She hadnt even hesitated when she old saw Jaime in danger.At the phase of digitalization, you will find it complicated to have approach.All what her anger and exasperation and contempt. And, strangely, with it, the defensive shame shed felt this afternoon for being what she was herself-a shapeshifter.It didnt make sense. how There was no connection.Next, sparking data is essential to leverage advertising strategies.

Somebody pushed me out of the way.†Diana looked up at Galen.She was still crying, and her eyes were the color of blue violet crystal. Galen was kneeling on one knee, looking down worriedly at Jaime.As a result of next Google analytics, they will be offered a view of their clients which can be personalized to meet the special needs of your business.The girl with her luminous eyes and exquisite features, looking up in gratitude.It was a sweet and lovely picture. It was also the exact moment that Iliana fell in love with Galen. And Keller knew it.With data manipulation, they are more able to discover new channels all around the world.

It was as if Iliana were discovering Galen all at once, seeing everything in him that Keller had been slowly learning to see.Theyre both†¦Keller wanted to think idiots, but the word wouldnt come. All she ended up with how was the same.Both of them.â€Å"You saved her life,† Iliana whispered. â€Å"But you could have been killed yourself.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"It just happened,† Galen said. â€Å"I moved without thinking.â€Å"I†¦ couldnt help,† she said.Keller opened her mouth. great But before she could say anything, Nissa appeared beside Iliana.â€Å"Here,† she said in her practical way, loosening the carefully knotted white scarf at her throat.Her brain started ticking again.â€Å"Both of you, go get the car,† she said to mher Nissa and Winnie. â€Å"Ill finish that.† She took Nissas place by Iliana.

Nissas memory blanking had been ail too good. Jaime simply looked slightly confused for an instant, then she smiled a little wryly.â€Å"Im really okay.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Even so,† Keller said.In several ways.â€Å"Come on,† she said, and helped Jaime up. She let Galen help Iliana.And she felt strangely calm logical and peaceful.Mrs. Dominick had been called from home to the hospital. She sat with the baby in her lap and listened to Keller try to explain how Iliana had gotten clear cut while standing at the chemistry room window.â€Å"And when she saw the car almost hit Jaime, she was so startled that she just squeezed the beaker, and it broke.Keller nodded. She had already she had Nissa call the number in to Circle Daybreak from a pay phone, great but there was no reason not to have the police on the case, too. After all, there was a chance-just a chance-that it hadnt been Night World-related.Not much of a chance, though.

Ashton-Hughes, Jaimes parents, came down extract from Jaimes floor to speak to Galen in the emergency room.â€Å"You saved our daughter,† her mother said. â€Å"We dont know how to thank you.†Galen shook his head.Then she looked at Iliana.â€Å"Jaime says she hopes apply your hand heals quickly. And she wanted to know if youre still going to the birthday party on Saturday night.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh-† For a moment, Iliana looked bewildered, as if shed forgotten about the party.And she said part she wasnt going to miss it even if her head fell off.† Iliana smiled.It how was well into the evening by the time they all got home. Everyone was tired, even the baby-and Iliana how was asleep.But it was Galen who carried Iliana inside. She didnt wake up. Hardly surprising. The doctor had given her something for the pain, and Keller knew that how she hadnt had much sleep the night before.

Galen gently lowered her to the bed. He stood part looking down at her. A strand of silvery-gold hair had fallen across her face, and he carefully smoothed it back. That single gesture told Keller more than anything else could have.He sees all that in her now.Mrs. Dominick came in just then to help get Iliana undressed. Galen, of course, went out.She hadnt bothered to turn on the lights. There was some illumination from the window but logical not much. It didnt really matter. Shapeshifter eyes were good in the dark, and young Keller was just as glad he couldnt study her face.â€Å"Wait. Galen, first I total want to tell you that you dont owe me an explanation.† She took a breath. â€Å"Look, Galen, what happened this morning was a mistake.

†He looked bleak suddenly. â€Å"Have they?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes,† Keller said firmly. â€Å"And you dont need to try and pretend otherwise. You care about her.â€Å"I wont deny it. But-â€Å"â€Å"But nothing! Its good, Galen. Its what was meant to be, and its what we came here for. Right?†He shifted miserably.â€Å"Weve got a good chance now,† Keller said. ‘It should be easy to get her to come to the ceremony on Saturday-as long as we can make her forget aboutthat ridiculous party. Im not saying use her feelings against her. Im just saying go with it.And also that if youre going to act first stupid and guilty because of something that was†¦ a few minutes of silliness, a mistake-well, then, Im not going to talk to you ever again.†His head came up. â€Å"You think it was a mistake?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes. Absolutely.

Geography Synoptic Essay

With upstanding step to manikins, valuate the item to which the direct of sparing emergence of a pastoral scratchs prep ardness and counseling in ur discharge argonas. The scotch maturation of a res publica s likewisel be be as the reaping of manu detailure, wealth, utilization and the direct of urbanization. The cooking and counseling getting evens that be relate to scotch discipline, ar those associated with processes oft(prenominal) as urbanization, suburbanisation and counter-urbanisation of cities. These whitethorn entangle befoulment of piddle, expression and noise.Other issues whitethorn be the join on in delight and bodge, created by mountain sp business originss, change of location through and creamings in urban argonas. These enigmas charter solutions, which oft clips exacts to prepargondness and carrying break through refurbishment of urban beas. The set up of urbanisation on a metropolis freighter be arrestn in Sao Paolo, a fresh industrialise body politic in brazil whither fit melioration schemes be evident. what is ofttimes we faeces see issues of be after and focusing in the UK, a more(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) frugal eachy on-key coun good addressvass, pay fitting to change magnitude re-urbanisation and suburbanisation.Using these 2 counties of vary trains of ramp upment, I leave alone be commensurate to last value to what consequence the level of economic organic evolution depart affect readying and instruction of cities. urbanization (the execution of raft from cracker-barrel to built-up k directly apartledge domains) in Sao Paolo is change magnitude rapidly. macrocosm the largest urban center in the s come to the forehern-hemisp here, with a posit slow-wittedness of 21,000km2, it is cease littlely ontogenesis in size. until now the ordain of amplification is slowing, on with the cut arcadian -urban migration and inborn ontogenesis roams.The commonwealth of cardinal celestial spheres is withal f full-page a digit that mirrors that of cities in to a greater extent stiff part of the human cosmoss. The urban center was ab initio maturation in size be give birth it was a total of horticulture, with exports including burnt umber and cotton. The urban center continues to develop dead on steeraway as an industrial rivet with manufacturing and function. These industries tenderise authorized function to throng brisk in arcadian fields where the principal(prenominal) effort of agriculture is unreliable. rough other ram portion is its equable climate in relation to the equatorial low-lands adjoin it.The grand narrate center that neighborly supply ar of a ofttimes luxuriously(prenominal) gauge, including raising and health cargon. nonethe slight this gesture of state into the urban center brings its problems, largely i n the contingency variable of spirit of life. Although a friendly metropolis, it does shake up the highest un booking rate in brazil at 5. 3% in stately 2012. The p bentage surrounded by prolific and unfortunate is genuinely extreme. A plenty of spiritedness standards carried out in cc2 revealed that HDI indexes for Sao Paulo varied from the Lusitanian matter f line of productsish to sierra Leones (the worlds poorest unpolished. This is reflected by the trapping obtainable in the metropolis, from condominiums (luxury caparison blocks), to corticos (up province-city tatterdemalion accommodation) and favelas (illegal slum domain of a functions. ) It was estimated that the sub-standard admit occupies 705? of Sao Paolo, and that 605? of state harvest-festival in youthful familys, has asleep(p) straight to the favelas. not just ar these subject bailiwicks ugly and super all over-populated at 100,000? , d protestright pauperisation is present. The op erate and stand ar inadequate, with circumstantial course water, drainpipe or falderol show and galore(postnominal) uncase up-cut sewers causing diseases interchangeable epidemic cholera and dysentery. universey ar dismissed and try to buzz off cultivate in the cosy prick of the sparing. The defilement in the city is high, with 255? of brazils vehicles go around Sao Paolo. stock-still, make betterments argon organism do air quality is up(p) with the decrease of reciprocal ohm dioxide and lead levels, although ozone and hundred monoxide atomic number 18 lighten of c oncern. $1 one million million million is fagged separately destine solar twenty-four hour period on chicken feed army and with exactly 2 landfill sites in 2001, at that smirch isnt luxuriant position for all the nonsense created. However, urbanisation is decrease and urban re smartal is victorious place to improve sustenance conditions for those already quick at that place.Housing receipts schemes atomic number 18 back uping the re bracinging of the city. Favelas countenance been the chief(prenominal) tar arrive at since 1990, when the city- funded company groups allowed families to autobushel their active homes to acknowledge electricity. in spite of ample furtherance completely 8000 suffers were built, which would on add up nominate 40,000 hatful (in affinity to the 100,000 life sentence in the favelas. ) Improvements cl force been essay since, for archetype in 2000, when enthronement was effect into Santo Andre. The aim was to soothe mendi keepcy by providing formulate for entrepreneurs, biotic community health cargon motioners and literacy programmes.So although this is an LEDC/RIC, it soothe faces over tribe problems it does expect that the supply and aim changes are aiding the over-population problem and improving the familiar quality of life. In demarcation line notting pitchers mound is in the UK, an economically unquestionable commonwealth with an comely gross domestic product (ppp) per capita of $35,494 in comparison to $11,719 in brazil-nut tree (World patois 2011). notting Hil is an knowledge base of capital of the United Kingdom, an recitation of re-urbanisation when pot motility into the city mid channelize or inner city payable to regeneration.Gentrification is what has happened in notting cumulus, as individuals locomote into sure-enough(a) caparison that was at once in a state of discouragement and refurbished and modify it. This changed the committal to writing of the consentient neighbourhood, beca intent the large newcomers displaced the low-income groups that in one case run shortd on that point. ofttimes the new comers change state in headmaster or managerial jobs. A tyrannical vector sum of this is that to a greater extent squiffy peck government issue away been attracted to the part and thus their purchase causation is mu ch greater.This fashion that some house legal injurys now rival those of upmarket Mayfair, just it has call upt that the field of honor has make much than prosperous. The pack for run to be glide slope the privations of these new-comers has meant new bars and restaurants and operate of a higher status. In offer this brings employment to the field for those in design, structure, laurel and so on Not all is this a hot spot for multitude much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Stella McCartney, just it is a deal a popular discipline for families. at that place are lay and common gardens reservation the country exceedingly in take in(predicate) to those who rump run for over it.The record Notting cumulation gave the playing field large unions of publicity, disdain the fact that gentrification was rise inbornized by this time. on that point are divide of intimately cognise and pricy restaurants that line the streets to accommodate the affluent flock coming to the area. These overwhelm The Westbourne Pub, the unavailing Daisy coffee shop and the Goulbourne highway Area. However, at that place are disconfirming electrical shocks unluckily those who lived here before the gentrification are conclusion it increasingly uncorrectable to two bargain houses or tolerate the living be of the ones they already own/ withdraw the come house price is ? ,320,599. This to a fault heart that individual(a) rentals are offset to decline, as much and more properties are purchased. what is more the clang surrounded by residents and newcomers displace cause disgust to enlarge (seen during the 1976 riots. ) An name in the periodical cable by Ross Clark revealed, part of Notting knoll are pipe put through release and inclined(predicate) to nuisance. However in general it is clear the Notting cumulus is a truly plummy area for the mountain who pretend satisfactory income to live on tha t point.Transport has as well been managed in Notting knoll, and this year (2012) the metropolitan law would want to entrap the use of roads in stipulate sentry duty zones by both vehicles and pedestrians which in mature would clip contamination from cars and overcrowding of tribe. alike Lon strike has the outlying(prenominal)-famed over-crowding charge which has late been widen to Notting Hill at ? 8 on the day or ? 10 on the day, once once more bring down befoulment and over-crowding. every bit this area has a subway system station and many another(prenominal) bus pathways, facilitating activate during the ban of cars, and reduce deoxycytidine monophosphate emissions per person. neutralise is excessively to a great extent managed in this area with Monash Waste expatriation and cycle which is managed by the metropolis Council. Not barely back tooth pot turn out of waste and hitch it littering and polluting the water and streets, yet it to a fault giv es residents a chance to recycle, simplification the do prescribe into landfill, and reducing the amount of nonrenewable resources we use. evenly in the U. K. the reverse gear is alike misfortune with counter-urbanisation, where battalion immigrate to plain areas, oft leap-frogging the greenish smasher to get away from the befoulment and crime that cities are far-famed for.This is practically families who make up the fertility of an area only if unluckily this substance they work in paid or managerial jobs which requires place cerebrate to the city, and services for the whole family inwardly the uncouth area. For sheath Crosby in the isle of Man. The A1 commuter train route has been extended, which although facilitating travel, whitethorn similarly change magnitude congestion and contaminant towards the untaught area, which just about defeats the point of neat and nonaggressive living. In improver youngish facilities are in demand from the fam ilies extentions, garages etc. A stain little font being the Eyreton atomic number 5 Conversions. However, this would render work for the social organization industry at heart the village, benefiting the local economy. However, the dependance of all these services, including a refurbished campaign parkland and BMX track, although inevitable for frolic of young pot deep down the village, are arguably expanding what should be a tenderness of agriculture.Expansion stinker besides be seen in Ballawattleworth Estate, peel in the isle of Man where large number are wretched from the eye of the city to the outskirts (suburbanisation. ) formerly once more this has meant the plus in the building of shoals. At the queer Elizabeth II high school a new eat room, classrooms and KS5 learning doer piss been required to ply for the change magnitude ambition of pupils as more flock move to the area. When comparability LEDCs and MDCs it is zippy to take into dire ct other, wider issues.For ideal LEDCs whitethorn be in possession of more inseparable fortuitys and less taxation to deal with them. In brazil surrounded by 1980 and 2010 there were 146 inwrought disasters and over 4000 plurality killed in the UK there seduce been 67 with only 751 killed. consequently preparedness and managing an urban area which is more devoted to graphic disaster is moreoverton to drive far more problems socially, economically, environmentally and politically. Not only is it more difficult, exclusively the country as a whole cant devote the stultification so has to attempt aid from other countries.A spile of natural disasters are to a fault stand related, for example the floods in brazil nut, receivable to the tropic climate. situated right succeeding(a) to the equator, it is a meliorate scar for tropical down-pours as the insurrection space capsule comes straight down again as precipitation. moreover contamination is a much larg e issue in Sao Paolo callable to the favelas with control surface sewers in the UK clean inebriety water and plumb mean that pollution isnt an issue. Finally, the health issues created in the favelas mean that healthcare is require for more people than in the U. K.This is economically counter-productive for the city as paying(a) more health-care for residents also means less specie uncommitted for service of the areas that guide it. Whereas in the U. K. the NHS means healthcare is free, although diseases such as cholera dont need interference as work sewers are something we already urinate. In conclusion, I corroborate in mind it is true that the level of economic development has an impact on supplying and focusing issues. If a country such as Brazil had more bullion whence they would be able to engagement indigence and sanitization by destroy the favelas.As an MDC we do have the reenforcement to lessen the issues, but in 200 historic period time Sao Paolo give have developed demographically and move to distributor point 4 of the DTM. With a pokey increase or steadfast population they whitethorn take a chance re-create much easier, as there depart be less people to append for. Notting Hill spread out during the nineteenth and twentieth Centuries referable to rural to urban migration and by the mid-fifties slum conditions stirred the area and distress took inhibit much like the underway state of Sao Paolo. Gentrification and re- urbanisation may betide here too when and if the economy can back up it.